THE FOX AND THE GOAT

A fox fell into a well and couldn’t get out. By and by a thirsty goat came along. Seeing the fox in the well it asked if the water was good. “Good”, said the fox “It’s the best water I’ve tasted in all my life. Come down and try it yourself.”
The goat was thirsty so he got into the well. When he had drunk enough, he looked around but there was no way to get out. Then the fox said, “I have a good idea. You stand on your hind legs and put your forelegs against the side of the well. Then I’ll climb on your back, from there. I’ll step on your horns, and I can get out. And when I’m out, I’ll help you out of the well.”
The goat did as he was asked and the fox got on his back and climbed out of the well. Then he coolly walked away. The goat called out loudly after him and reminded him of his promise to help him out. The fox merely turned to him and said; “If you only had thought carefully about getting out, you wouldn’t have jumped into the well.”
The goat felt very sad. He called out loudly. An old man walking nearby heard him and put a plank into the well. The goat got out and thanked the old man.

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English %28Narative text%29

• Narrative text : “Three Fish”
• Narrative text : “Monkey and Crocodile”
• Narrative text : “The Three Sheiks and Queen of Arabia”
• Narrative text : “The Princess and the Pea”
• Narrative text : “Golden Eggs”
• Narrative text : “Momotaro”
• Narrative text : “Hermit”
• Narrative text : “Snow White”
• Narrative text : “Cinderella”
• Narrative text : “Hunting”

THREE FISH

Once three fish lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw the fish. ‘This pond is full of fish’, they told each other excitedly. ‘we have never fished here before. We must come back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!’ So saying, the fishermen left.
When the eldest of the three fish heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fish together and said, ‘Did you hear what the fishermen said? W must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!’ The second of the three fish agreed. ‘You are right’, he said. ‘We must leave the pond.’
But the youngest fish laughed. ‘You are worrying without reason’, he said. ‘We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere – my luck will keep me safe’.
The eldest of the fish left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then.
The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish’s luck did not help him – he was caught and killed.

HERMIT

Many years ago, there lived a hermit in a forest in Sumatra. He did not grow food but depended on the jungle fruit to survive. Soon, there was a drought, and all the plants and fruit trees in the jungle died.

The old man had nothing to eat now, so he turned to begging. He went to a nearby village trying to get some food. At first, the villagers were happy to help him. However, when he came continually, they refused to give him any more food. They told him to grow his own food.

One day, while the hermit was sitting in his hut, sad and hungry, he began to think about growing his own food. Just then, a boatman stopped by and taking a pity on hermit gave him some “paddy” seeds.

Before the boatman went away, he said, “These seeds will grow and give you everlasting harvest if you work very hard. If you are tired of the work, the “paddy” plants will turn into weeds.”

The old hermit worked hard to clear the land and sowed the seeds before the rain came. Strangely, after a short period of time, the “paddy” was ready for harvesting. The old man got a lot of rice from the harvest. After each harvest, the plants grew back again right away.

When the villagers heard about the hermit and his wonderful “paddy”, they flocked to his “paddy” field and took home as much “paddy” as they could.

One day, hermit became so tired of harvesting the “paddy then he shouted,” Oh, stop growing, you wretched thing!” As soon as he had said this, the “paddy” plants turned into weeds.

MONKEY AND CROCODILE

MONYET DAN BUAYA

Suatu hari monyet ingin menyeberang sungai. Dia melihat seekor buaya di sungai, maka ia meminta buaya untuk membawanya disisi lain. Buaya memberitahu monyet untuk melompat di punggungnya. Kemudian buaya berenang ke sungai.
Sekarang, buaya itu sangat lapar, sehingga ketika berada ditengah sungai, ia berhenti dan berkata kepada monyet itu,"Monyet, ayah saya sangat sakit. Dia harus makan hati monyet.Maka dia akan menjadi kuat lagi. "
Monyet itu berpikir untuk sementara waktu. Lalu ia mengatakan kepada buaya untuk berenang kembali ke tepi sungai.
"untuk apa?" tanya buaya.
"Karena aku tidak membawa hati saya dengan saya," kata monyet. "Saya meninggalkan di bawah pohon, dekat beberapakelapa."
Jadi, buaya berbalik dan berenang kembali ke tepi sungai. Setelah mereka sampai di tepi sungai, monyet melompat dari punggung buaya dan naik ke atas pohon.
"Di mana hatimu?" tanya buaya.
"Kau bodoh," kata monyet untuk buaya. "Sekarang saya bebas dan kau tidak punya apa-apa."
Monyet itu mengatakan kepada buaya, tidak mencoba untuk membodohi lagi. Buaya itu berenang menjauh, lapar.


TRANSLATION :


MONKEY AND CROCODILE
One day a monkey wanted to cross a river. He saw a crocodile in the river, so he asked the crocodile to take him across the other side. The crocodile told the monkey to jump on its back. Then the crocodile swam down the river.
Now, the crocodile was very hungry, so when it was in the middle of the river, it stopped and said to the monkey, ”Monkey, my father is very sick. He must eat the heart of the monkey. Then he will be strong again.”
The monkey thought for a while. Then he told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank.
“What’s for?” asked the crocodile.
“Because I didn’t bring my heart with me,” said the monkey. “I left it under the tree, near some coconuts.”
So, the crocodile turned around and swam back to the bank of the river. As soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s back and climbed up to the top of a tree.
“Where is your heart?” asked the crocodile.
“You are foolish,” the monkey said to the crocodile. “Now I am free and you have nothing.”
The monkey told the crocodile not to try to fool him again. The crocodile swam away, hungry.

PARA ILMUAN MUSLIM DAN PERAN MEREKA DALAM MASA BANI UMAYYAH

Berikut ini nama-nama ilmuwan beserta bidang keahlian yang berkembang di Andalusia masa dinasti Bani Umayyah :

No	Nama	Bidang Keahlian	Keterangan
1	Abu Ubaidah Muslim Ibn Ubaidah al Balansi	- Astrolog - Ahli Hitung - Ahli gerakan bintang-bintang	Dikenal sebagai Shahih al Qiblat karena banyak sekali mengerjakan penetuan arah shalat.
2.	Abu al Qasim Abbas ibn Farnas	- Astronomi - Kimia	Ilmi kimia, baik kimia murni maupun terapan adalah dasar bagi ilmu farmasi yang erat kaitannya dengan ilmu kedokteran. Farmasi dan ilmu kedokteran telah mendorong para ahli untuk menggali dan mengembangkan ilmu kimia dan ilmu tumbuh-tumbuhan untuk pengobatan.
3	Ahmad ibn Iyas al Qurthubi	Kedokteran	Hidup pada masa Khalifah Muhammad I ibn abd al rahman II Ausath
4.	Al Harrani
5.	Yahya ibn Ishaq		Hidup pada masa khalifah Badullah ibn Mundzir
6.	Abu Daud Sulaiman ibn Hassan		Hidup pada masa awal khalifah al Mu’ayyad
7	Abu al Qasim al Zahrawi	- Dokter Bedah - Perintis ilmu penyakit telinga - Pelopor ilmu penyakit kulit	Di Barat dikenal dengan Abulcasis. Karyanya berjudul al Tashrif li man ‘Ajaza ‘an al Ta’lif, dimana pada abad XII telah diterjemahkan oleh Gerard of Cremona dan dicetak ulang di Genoa (1497M), Basle (1541 M) dan di Oxford (1778 M) buku tersebut menjadi rujukan di universitas-universitas di Eropa.
8	Abu Marwan Abd al Malik ibn Habib	- Ahli sejarah - Penyair dan ahli nahwu sharaf	- wafat 238/852 - salah satu bukunya berjudul al Tarikh
9	Yahya ibn Hakam	- Sejarah - Penyair	-
10	Muhammad ibn Musa al razi	- Sejarah	- wafat 273/886 - Menetap di Andalusia pada tahun 250/863
11	Abu Bakar Muhammad ibn Umar	- Sejarah	- Dikenal dengan Ibn Quthiyah - Wafat 367/977 - Bukunya berjudul Tarikh Iftitah al Andalus
12	Uraib ibn Saad	- Sejarah	- Wafat 369/979 - Meringkas Tarikh al- thabari, menambahkan kepadanya tentang al Maghrib dan Andalusia, disamping memberi catatan indek terhadap buku tersebut.
13	Hayyan Ibn Khallaf ibn Hayyan	- Sejarah & sastra	- Wafat 469/1076 - Karyanya : al Muqtabis fi Tarikh Rija al Andalus dan al Matin.
14	Abu al Walid Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn al faradli.	- Sejarah - Penulis biografi	- Lahir di Cordova tahun 351/962 dan wafat 403/1013. - Salah satu karyanya berjudul Tarikh Ulama’i al Andalus

Perkembangan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab tidak terlepas daripada peran para ulama dan sastrawan, diantaranya adalah :

1. Ali al Qali. Ia adalah seorang tokoh besar pada zamannya. Ia dibesarkan dan menimba ilmu Hadits, bahasa, sastra, Nahwu dan sharaf dari ulama-ulama terkenal di Baghdad. Pada tahun tahun 330/941 al Nashir mengundang beliau untuk menetap di Cordova dan sejak saat itu Ali mengembangkan ilmu Islam sampai wafatnya (358/696). Dari sekian banyak karya tulisnya yang bernilai tinggi, diantaranya adalah al Amalî dan al Nawâdir.
2. Ibn al Quthiyah Abu Bakar Muhammad Ibn Umar. Ia adalah seorang ahli bahasa Arab, Nahwu, penyair dan sastrawan. Ia menulis buku dengan judul al Af’âl dan Fa’alta wa Af’alât. Ia meninggal pada tahun 367/977.
3. Al Zabidi. Ia adalah guru dari Ibn Quthiyah. Al Zabidy sudah mengembangkan bahasa dan sastra di Andalusia sebelum adanya Ali al Qali. Bukunya yang terkenal adalah Mukhtashar al ‘Ain dan Akhbar al Nahwiyyîn.âîû
4. Said Ibn Jabir, ia juga merupakan salah satu guru dari Ibn Quthiyah.
5. Muhammad ibn Abdillah ibn Misarrah al Bathini (269-319) dari Cordova dikenal sebagai orang pertama yang menekuni filsafat di Andalusia.

Berikut ini Bibliografi beberapa sastrawan Andalusia :

1. Abu Amr Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Rabbih. Lahir di Cordova 246/860. ia menekuni ilmu kedokteran dan musik, tetapi kecenderungannya lebih banyak kepada sastra dan sejarah. ia berhasil menggubah syari-syair pujian (madah) bagi empat khilafah Umawiyah, sehingga ia mendapat kedudukan terhormat di istana. Pada masa al Nashir ia menggubah 440 bait syair dengan menggunakan bahan acuan sejarah. Pada masa tuanya, Abu Amr menyesali kehidupan masa mudanya, kemudian ia berzuhud. Oleh karenanya ia menggubah syair-syair zuhdiyyat yang ia himpun dalam al Mumhishât. Sebagian besar karya syairnya sudah hilang, sedangkan yang berupa prosa ia tuangkan dalam karyanya yang diberi nama al ‘Aqd al Fârid. Ia pada tahun 328/940 dalam keadaan lumpuh.
2. Abu Amir Abdullah ibn Syuhaid. Lahir di Cordova pada tahun 382/992. Ia dikenal dekat dengan penguasa. Dengan keterlibatannya dengan kemelut politik, ia sering membuat syair-syair dalma rangka membesarkan atau menggulingkan seorang penguasa. Pada masa kekuasaan Hamudiyah penyair ini dipenjarakan dan menerima penghinaan serta penganiayaan yang berat. Ia dibebaskan dalam keadaan lumpuh sampai wafat pada tahun 427/1035. Karyanya dalam bentuk prosa adalah Risâlah al Tawâbi’ wa al Zawâbigh, Kasyf al Dakk wa Atsar al Syakk dan Hanut ‘Athar.
3. Ibn Hazm. Lahir pada tahun 384/994) merupakan penyair sufi yang banyak menggubah puisi-puisi cinta.